Duren, Riley: Carbon Mapper/U. Arizona (Project Lead)
Kort, Eric: University of Michigan (Co-Investigator)
Lee, Meemong: JPL (Co-Investigator)
Lehman, Scott: (Co-Investigator)
Li, Zhijin: JPL (Co-Investigator)
Miller, Charles (Chip): NASA JPL (Co-Investigator)
Miller, John: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (Co-Investigator)
Sander, Stanley: JPL (Co-Investigator)
Gurney, Kevin: Northern Arizona University (Participant)
Newman, Sally: Caltech/ JPL (Participant)
Project Funding:
2014 - 2017
NRA: 2013 NASA: Carbon Cycle Science
Funded by NOAA, NASA
Abstract:
Urbanization has concentrated over 50% of the global population and more than 70% of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in cities. Large uncertainties in Measurement, Reporting, and Verification for all carbon emissions persist due to data limitations. Recent studies using atmospheric measurements have been used to detect the net signature of urban domes of CO2 and other gases and to provide constraints on the carbon budgets of an urban region. A concerted effort is needed to finish developing, demonstrating and applying these emerging methods towards a sustained monitoring system to support urban carbon policy and management decisions. The Megacities Carbon Project is an interagency pilot activity being established in Los Angeles to develop and test scientifically robust techniques for monitoring distributions and trends of anthropogenic carbon emissions attributed to the world's megacities and characterize the carbon dynamics spanning their complex landscapes. The project has been partially funded by NIST, NASA/JPL, KISS, and CARB to deploy a measurement network by the end of 2013. We are also developing an urban-scale carbon flux model for LA using high-resolution Hestia fossil fuel emissions data and WRF-Chem/VPRM model nested within GEOS-chem. The objectives of the proposed work are to: (1) complete, integrate, test, and validate the LA megacity observational network and modeling framework - resulting in an urban test-bed that supports the research goals of this task and others by the broader community ; (2) apply the test-bed to characterize the spatio-temporal nature of the urban dome of total CO2 and FFCO2 concentrations(secondary goal: CH4) spanning the complex urban-suburban-agricultural-rural landscape, (3) apply the test-bed and existing satellite observations to evaluate the joint application of those assets and future remote-sensing of CO2 and CO and in-situ 14C observations to monitor urban FFCO2 emissions, and (4) apply the test-bed to test hypotheses regarding emission ratios in space and time across the domain as well as between in-situ point measurements and remotely-sensed column measurements (to enable future independent testing of bottom-up inventories). The proposed task responds to solicited research theme #4: Carbon dynamics within and beyond urban landscapes. Gaps in the LA network will be filled by establishing sustained flask sample collection at multiple sites and conducting 14C analysis. The paired observations of 14C and continuous CO at each site will be transformed into FFCO2 and CO:FFCO2 relationships derived for application across the broader domain using the continuous network observations; column observations from Mt Wilson, Caltech, and Dryden; and satellite column observations from GOSAT, MOPITT, and OCO-2. Our model framework will integrate established components of NASA's Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) flux system and JPL's WRF-chem system for Southern California and the high resolution Hestia-LA emissions data product currently being developed by ASU to produce forward modeled 4D fields of CO2 at 4km, hourly resolution. We will combine CO, 14C and CO2 data to calibrate and validate surface based in situ and remote sensing data towards separating fossil-fuel and biogenic CO2 fluxes across a range of space-time scales. The results will be used to validate satellite observations of CO2 and CO. We will perform synthesis analysis to evaluate these data sets and the modeled fields - towards extending the coverage and density of the information produced by the point and column measurements. This work is directly responsive to the CCSP element regarding the impact of policy and management decisions on levels of CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere. It supports carbon cycle science objectives of NASA, NOAA, and DOE. This framework enables the application of future observations and models to aid in understanding and/or predictive modeling of carbon dynamics across urban to rural gradients.
Publications:
Carranza, V., Rafiq, T., Frausto-Vicencio, I., Hopkins, F. M., Verhulst, K. R., Rao, P., Duren, R. M., Miller, C. E. 2018. Vista-LA: Mapping methane-emitting infrastructure in the Los Angeles megacity. Earth System Science Data. 10(1), 653-676. DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-653-2018
Feng, S., Lauvaux, T., Newman, S., Rao, P., Ahmadov, R., Deng, A., Diaz-Isaac, L. I., Duren, R. M., Fischer, M. L., Gerbig, C., Gurney, K. R., Huang, J., Jeong, S., Li, Z., Miller, C. E., O'Keeffe, D., Patarasuk, R., Sander, S. P., Song, Y., Wong, K. W., Yung, Y. L. 2016. Los Angeles megacity: a high-resolution land-atmosphere modelling system for urban CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16(14), 9019-9045. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-9019-2016
Hopkins, F. M., Ehleringer, J. R., Bush, S. E., Duren, R. M., Miller, C. E., Lai, C., Hsu, Y., Carranza, V., Randerson, J. T. 2016. Mitigation of methane emissions in cities: How new measurements and partnerships can contribute to emissions reduction strategies. Earth's Future. 4(9), 408-425. DOI: 10.1002/2016EF000381
Hutyra, L. R., Duren, R., Gurney, K. R., Grimm, N., Kort, E. A., Larson, E., Shrestha, G. 2014. Urbanization and the carbon cycle: Current capabilities and research outlook from the natural sciences perspective. Earth's Future. 2(10), 473-495. DOI: 10.1002/2014EF000255
Rao, P., R. Gurney, K., Patarasuk, R., Song, Y., E. Miller, C., M. Duren, R., Eldering, A. 2017. Spatio-temporal Variations in on-road CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions in the Los Angeles Megacity. AIMS Geosciences. 3(2), 239-267. DOI: 10.3934/geosci.2017.2.239
Verhulst, K. R., Karion, A., Kim, J., Salameh, P. K., Keeling, R. F., Newman, S., Miller, J., Sloop, C., Pongetti, T., Rao, P., Wong, C., Hopkins, F. M., Yadav, V., Weiss, R. F., Duren, R. M., Miller, C. E. 2017. Carbon dioxide and methane measurements from the Los Angeles Megacity Carbon Project - Part 1: calibration, urban enhancements, and uncertainty estimates. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 17(13), 8313-8341. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8313-2017
Ware, J., Kort, E. A., DeCola, P., Duren, R. 2016. Aerosol lidar observations of atmospheric mixing in Los Angeles: Climatology and implications for greenhouse gas observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 121(16), 9862-9878. DOI: 10.1002/2016JD024953
Wong, C. K., Pongetti, T. J., Oda, T., Rao, P., Gurney, K. R., Newman, S., Duren, R. M., Miller, C. E., Yung, Y. L., Sander, S. P. 2016. Monthly trends of methane emissions in Los Angeles from 2011 to 2015
inferred by CLARS-FTS observations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16(20), 13121-13130. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13121-2016
Yadav, V., Duren, R., Mueller, K., Verhulst, K. R., Nehrkorn, T., Kim, J., Weiss, R. F., Keeling, R., Sander, S., Fischer, M. L., Newman, S., Falk, M., Kuwayama, T., Hopkins, F., Rafiq, T., Whetstone, J., Miller, C. 2019. Spatio-temporally Resolved Methane Fluxes From the Los Angeles Megacity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 124(9), 5131-5148. DOI: 10.1029/2018JD030062
More details may be found in the following project profile(s):
